When a Gap Exists Between a Consumer's Actual State and Some

question 39

Multiple Choice

When a gap exists between a consumer's actual state and some ideal or desired state, the consumer has a ________.

• A) benefit
• B) demand
• C) need
• D) value
• E) utility

Identify and explain the various research methodologies used in psychology and their appropriate applications.

Describe the process of developing and testing hypotheses in psychological research.

Define and differentiate between key concepts in research methodology, such as validity, reliability, and operational definitions.

Recognize the importance of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in overseeing research ethics.

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Definitions:

Alfred Adler

An Austrian medical doctor and psychotherapist known for founding the school of individual psychology.

Penis Envy

A concept in Freudian psychoanalysis referring to a girl's sense of loss and jealousy over not having a penis.

Karen Horney

A German psychoanalyst known for her theories on neurotic personality development and the concept of neurotic needs.

Freud

The founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian neurologist who developed this clinical technique for managing psychopathology through discussions between a psychoanalyst and a patient.