The Earliest Reported Case of a Journalist Refusing to Disclose

question 20

Short Answer

The earliest reported case of a journalist refusing to disclose the identity of a confidential source involved a New York Herald reporter who had obtained information about the _____________ War.

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Definitions:

Conditioned Response

A behavior learned by repeatedly associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, leading to a conditioned response to the previously neutral trigger.

Conditioned Stimulus

A stimulus that originally had no effect but, through being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, eventually elicits a conditioned response.

Unconditioned Stimulus

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without needing to be learned.

Observational Learning

The learning process through which behavior is acquired by observing and imitating the actions of others.