Many Nucleophilic Addition Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones Are Catalyzed

question 4

Multiple Choice

Many nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones are catalyzed by acid or base. Bases catalyze hydration by:

• A) making the carbonyl group more electrophilic
• B) shifting the equilibrium of the reaction
• C) making the carbonyl group less electrophilic
• D) converting the water to hydroxide ion, a much better nucleophile

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Definitions:

Discount Rate

The discount rate applied in the process of discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis to calculate the current value of anticipated future cash flows.

Abnormal Earnings Approach

A valuation method that estimates a company's value based on the prediction of future abnormal earnings, defined as earnings in excess of a normal return on investment.

Free Cash Flow Approach

A valuation method focusing on the cash flows that a company can generate after accounting for capital expenditures required to maintain or expand the asset base.

Return On Assets

A financial ratio indicating the profitability of a company relative to its total assets, measuring how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate profit.