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In long-run competitive equilibrium, a firm that owns factors of production will have an:
σ
Denotes the standard deviation in statistics, a measure of the dispersion or variability of a set of values.
Null Hypotheses
A statement or hypothesis set for statistical testing, positing that there is no significant difference or effect.
Alternative Hypotheses
In hypothesis testing, it is the statement that suggests a possible relationship between variables or a difference in groups, contrasting the null hypothesis.
Heart Rate
The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually expressed in beats per minute (bpm).
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