An 84-Year-Old Man Complains of Generalized Weakness and an Ache

question 28

Multiple Choice

An 84-year-old man complains of generalized weakness and an ache in his left shoulder. He also reports mild shortness of breath and has clear lung sounds and an SpO₂ of 96%. When asked, he claims that the discomfort started after getting out of bed two hours ago. He denies any known injury to his shoulder or back. He has a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, TIA, and dementia. Your differential diagnosis for this patient should include:

• A) aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction.
• B) myocardial infarction, stroke, and musculoskeletal trauma.
• C) trauma, pulmonary embolism, and pneumonia.
• D) COPD, stroke, and medication overdose.

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Definitions:

Risk-free Asset

An investment that is expected to deliver its promised returns without any risk of financial loss, typically associated with government bonds.

Risk Premium

The additional return expected by an investor for taking on a higher level of risk compared to a risk-free investment.

Excess Returns

The return on an investment beyond the return expected from risk level, often used to assess performance.

Risk-free Asset

A theoretical financial instrument that promises a certain return with no risk of financial loss, often exemplified by government bonds.