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The gold standard
Real Values
Economic measures that are adjusted for inflation, reflecting the actual buying power of money or assets.
Classical Dichotomy
The theoretical separation of nominal and real variables in classical economics, suggesting that changes in the money supply only affect nominal variables, not real ones.
Real Variables
Economic variables measured in terms of physical quantities or adjusted for changes in prices over time, excluding inflation or deflation effects.
Nominal Variables
Variables measured in monetary terms without adjusting for changes in price levels or inflation.
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