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Suppose that Walmart buys fresh roses from several hundred small backyard gardeners in California.These gardeners are very likely to be able to engage successfully in tacit collusion.
Quantity Variance
The difference between the expected and actual quantity of materials used in production, reflecting efficiency in material usage.
Direct Materials
The raw materials directly used in the manufacturing of a product.
Budgeted Operating Income
The anticipated revenue from operations minus the expected operating expenses for a certain period, typically before financial expenses and taxes.
Flexible Budget
A budget that adjusts or flexes with changes in volume or activity levels, often used in variance analysis.
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