-Refer to Figure 12

question 3

Multiple Choice

-Refer to Figure 12.3.The decision tree shows the payoffs for two firms based on the strategies they choose.If they agree to collude and hold prices at $10,and both stand by the agreement,each will earn profits of $5 million.If one firm cheats and the other does not,the firm that cheats will earn profits of $8 million and the other firm will have losses of $2 million.If they both cheat and cut prices,they will each earn profits of only $2 million.In this game,the dominant strategy for B is to

• A) cheat.
• B) stand by the agreement.
• C) cheat only if A cheats.
• D) maximize the maximum losses.

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Definitions:

Random Sample

A selection of individuals from a population where each person has an equal chance of being chosen, ensuring the sample’s representativeness of the population.

Sampling Distribution

How likely different outcomes of a statistic are, based on data collected randomly.

T-statistic

A type of statistic used in hypothesis testing, calculated from sample data to assess the strength of the evidence against the null hypothesis.

Z-score

A Z-score is a statistical measurement describing the number of standard deviations a data point is from the mean of a data set, used in standardizing data and for hypothesis testing.