Use Case C to Answer the Following Questions

question 41

Multiple Choice

Use Case C to answer The Following questions
CASE C
Mr. Wilson, 28-years old, is a new patient at your dental office. His chief complaint is: "I have pinpoint white spots on my palate, and my front tooth is getting darker in color." Mr. Wilson smokes one pack of cigarettes per day. He has no known allergies. He has three 7-year-old implants with porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns on #5, #19, and #30. The gingiva around the implants are erythematous, with moderate plaque biofilm adhering to the implant fixtures. He has light calculus and stain accumulations on the linguals of mandibular and maxillary anterior teeth.
-Mr. Wilson's chief complaint is most likely caused by:

• A)Candidiasis
• B)Allergy
• C)Smoking
• D)Implants

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Definitions:

Sodium-Hydrogen Antiport

A type of antiporter that exchanges sodium ions for hydrogen ions across the plasma membrane, important in regulating pH and sodium levels.

Na+

Sodium ions, which are essential for various bodily functions including conducting nerve impulses and maintaining fluid balance.

H+

Hydrogen ion, a positively charged ion of hydrogen; a measure of acidity in solutions.

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

The portion of the nephron in the kidney which is involved in the reabsorption of water, sodium, and other substances from the filtered fluid.