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Use Case a to Answer the Following Questions

question 24

Multiple Choice

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
Ms. Ivory is a 45-year-old female who has just arrived for her first dental hygiene care visit in 11 years. Ms. Ivory recently acquired dental insurance and is interested in improving her oral health. Her physician is treating her for anxiety, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and seasonal allergies. She takes Xanax (alprazolam) for anxiety and migraines; Atenolol (tenormin) for hypertension; Glucotrol (glipizide) for diabetes and an over-the-counter antihistamine product for seasonal allergy relief. She occasionally experiences dry mouth; she reports brushing twice per day, flossing occasionally, and using Parodontax toothpaste without fluoride. In addition, she states that her gums bleed every time she brushes and flosses her teeth. Ms. Ivory has moderate levels of cervical plaque biofilm. She reports using a soft toothbrush but cannot remember the brand name. She also experiences sensitivity to cold, sweets, and pressure in the mandibular right posterior quadrant. She is missing teeth #1, #3, #14, #16, #17, and #32. A class I furcation involvement is present on the buccal surface of tooth #19, and generalized 2- to 3-mm recession throughout her mouth, with class II embrasure spaces. Radiographs show moderate horizontal bone loss and moderate subgingival and supragingival calculus, especially in the interproximal areas. She has three new class I and two class II and IV carious lesions. In five previously restored teeth, recurrent caries can be seen.
-To assist Ms. Ivory modify her current oral health behaviors and improve her oral health, it is important to determine her level on the learning ladder. What step of the learning ladder is Ms. Ivory currently on?

Definitions:

Pathogens

Microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause disease in humans and other organisms.

Vaccination

The administration of a vaccine to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen.

Immunity

The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.

Antigens

Substances often found on the surface of pathogens (like bacteria and viruses) that trigger an immune response when detected by the body.