Use Case a to Answer the Following Questions

question 23

Multiple Choice

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
This 54-year-old female is undergoing orthodontic therapy in response to temporomandibular disorder (TMD) . The maxillary orthodontic appliances were placed 18 months ago after an examination revealed various issues with malocclusion that were contributing to her chief complaint of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and "sore jaws." (See Figure 6-31.)
-What is the most likely interpretation of the radiopaque line superimposed across the mandibular left third molar, as identified by the arrow?

• A)Oblique ridge
• B)Mylohyoid line
• C)Buccal or lingual boney plate
• D)Cervical burnout
• E)Bent film

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Definitions:

CS

In the context of classical conditioning, CS stands for Conditioned Stimulus, which is a previously neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.

Second-order Conditioning

This is a process in which a stimulus that's already linked to a response becomes associated with another, new stimulus, creating a second conditioned stimulus.

Extinction

In behavioral psychology, the process by which a previously reinforced behavior decreases in frequency and eventually ceases, often because the reinforcement is no longer provided.

Dread

An intense feeling of fear or apprehension about something that is perceived as threatening or dangerous.