The Modulation of Pain at the Gates Within the Spinal

question 45

Multiple Choice

The modulation of pain at the gates within the spinal cord is most probably controlled by:

• A) growth hormone from the pituitary
• B) acetylcholine
• C) adrenaline from the adrenal medulla
• D) endogenous opiates

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Definitions:

Drive-Reduction Principle

A theory in psychology that posits motivation arises from the desire to reduce an uncomfortable state of tension caused by unmet needs.

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Secondary Drive

A learned or acquired drive that has an indirect association with physiological needs, such as the desire for money.

Optimal Level

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