A Graph Measures Y on the Vertical Axis and X

question 355

Multiple Choice

A graph measures y on the vertical axis and x on the horizontal. The curve on the graph is a horizontal line. From this fact we know that

• A) the value of x never changes.
• B) the value of y does not depend on the value of x.
• C) the ratio of x to y is constant.
• D) the slope of the line is not defined because y never changes.

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Definitions:

Chemiosmosis

Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient, fundamental in processes like ATP synthesis in cells.

Proton Gradient

A gradient formed by the difference in proton concentrations across a membrane, often used to generate ATP in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Mitochondrial Membrane

The membrane that encloses the mitochondrion, consisting of an outer membrane and an inner membrane with folds known as cristae, where energy production occurs.

Citric Acid Cycle

A key component of cellular respiration, this cycle processes acetyl-CoA to produce energy, NADH, FADH2, and carbon dioxide.