Pyelonephritis May Be Distinguished from Cystitis by the Presence in Pyelonephritis

question 52

Multiple Choice

Pyelonephritis may be distinguished from cystitis by the presence in pyelonephritis of:

• A) microbes, leukocytes, and pus in the urine.
• B) painful micturition.
• C) urgency and frequency.
• D) urinary casts and flank pain.

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Definitions:

Neural Activity

The electrical and chemical processes that occur within the nervous system, enabling thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

Stimulants

Substances that temporarily increase alertness and energy levels by enhancing the activity of the central nervous system.

Stimulant

A substance that raises levels of physiological or nervous activity in the body, often used to enhance alertness or physical performance.

Amphetamines

A class of stimulant drugs that increase activity within the brain and nervous system, often used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy but can be abused as performance-enhancing or recreational drugs.