Consider the circuit shown in the figure.Note that two currents are shown.Calculate the emfs ε1 and ε3. 
Definitions:
Bullwhip Effect
The increasing fluctuation in orders that often occurs as orders move through the supply chain.
Orders Decrease
A situation where the number of orders for products or services is reducing, potentially impacting company revenue and production planning.
Unique-Event
A singular occurrence that is distinct in nature, not expected to repeat under normal circumstances.
Probability
The measure of the likelihood that an event will occur, quantified as a number between 0 and 1.
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