Nonenveloped Viruses Most Often Gain Access to Eukaryotic Host Cells

question 1

Multiple Choice

Nonenveloped viruses most often gain access to eukaryotic host cells by

• A)fusion with the host cell plasma membrane followed by entrance of the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm.
• B)endocytosis.
• C)pinocytosis.
• D)nucleic acid injection through the plasma membrane.

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Definitions:

Continuous

Ongoing, without interruption or end.

Immediate Reinforcement

The provision of a reward or feedback right after a particular behavior, which increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.

Partial Reinforcement

A conditioning method where only some responses are reinforced, making the learned behavior more resistant to extinction.

Delayed Reinforcement

A term from behavioral psychology referring to the delivery of a reward at a later time than the desired action occurred, which can still effectively reinforce the behavior.