What Benefit Is Gained by Estimating Treatment Effects with Fixed

question 11

Multiple Choice

What benefit is gained by estimating treatment effects with fixed effects using panel data?

• A)it controls for unobserved,individual characteristics
• B)it controls for changes in individuals over time
• C)it allows the treatment effect to vary with the length of treatment
• D)it "fixes" the treatment to the same time for each individual

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Definitions:

Melanomas

A type of skin cancer that develops from the pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes.

Fair-Skinned Women

Women having lighter shades of skin color, often more sensitive to sun exposure and at elevated risk for certain skin conditions.

Torso

The central part of the human body to which the neck and limbs are attached; consists of the chest, abdomen, and back.

Age Spots

Flat, brown, gray, or black spots on the skin, typically occurring in sun-exposed areas, associated with aging or sun damage.