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Titus and Lauren Are Playing a Coin-Tossing Game Where Each

question 73

Multiple Choice

Titus and Lauren are playing a coin-tossing game where each player tosses a fair coin 20 times consecutively.The winner of the game is the player who tosses the most consecutive tails.Titus decides to go first and tosses tails five times in a row.Their parents,Margaret and Remi,are observing the game and make the following observations before Titus attempts the sixth toss:

Margaret: The probability of Titus tossing tails has to be greater than 75 percent because he is on a roll!

Remi: No,Margaret,the probability of Titus tossing tails has to be less than 25 percent because he hasn't tossed heads in the last five tosses and he is due to toss heads!

A behavioral economist would conclude that Margaret's statement is an example of the ________ fallacy,and Remi's statement is an example of the ________ fallacy.

Definitions:

Ecological Validity

The idea that cognition should be measured in settings that are as realistic as possible and that the abilities measured should be those needed in real life.

Recognition

The ability to identify previously encountered objects, ideas, or situations, often used as a measure of memory in cognitive psychology.

Priming

A psychological phenomenon where exposure to a stimulus influences a response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention.

Recall

The cognitive process of retrieving information from memory, which can be influenced by various factors such as the method of encoding, the context of recollection, and the passage of time.