Facial Expressions Do Not Always Reveal the Emotions Underneath

question 249

Essay

Facial expressions do not always reveal the emotions underneath. The villain in Shakespeare's
Henry VI said, "Why, I can smile, and murder while I smile; and cry content to that which grieves my heart; and wet my cheeks with artificial tears, and frame my face to all occasions." How did Paul Ekman and his colleagues distinguish between authentic and false facial expressions of emotion?

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Definitions:

Subordinates

Individuals who are lower in rank or position in an organizational hierarchy.

Leader-Member Exchange Theory

A leadership approach that emphasizes the two-way (dyadic) relationship between leaders and followers, proposing that the quality of this relationship predicts outcomes like satisfaction and productivity.

Dyadic Leader-Member Relations

The interactional pattern and relationship quality between a leader and each individual member within a team or organization.

Real-World Organisations

Entities operating in society that perform functions or provide services, including businesses, government agencies, non-profits, and other structured groups.