Using Reinforcers to Change Behaviour Can Sometimes Create Complications

question 21

Essay

Using reinforcers to change behaviour can sometimes create complications. Explain some of the misuses of rewards and reasons why rewards can backfire.

Identify and differentiate between the types of validity (content, criterion, construct).

Recognize the role of factor analysis in determining the grouping of items in a test.

Understand the changes in the concept of validity across different editions of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing.

Describe methods for establishing evidence of content and construct validity.

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Definitions:

Self-Esteem

One's subjective appraisal of their own value as a person, which can influence mental health and overall well-being.

Inhibitions

The process of holding back or restraining behaviors, emotions, or impulses.

Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon

A compliance tactic that involves getting a person to agree to a large request by first setting them up by having that person agree to a modest request.

Cognitive Dissonance

The mental discomfort experienced when holding two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or ideas simultaneously.