Examlex
________ is the study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals, especially in natural environments.
Separating Equilibrium
A situation in game theory or economic models where differing types, strategies, or qualities of players or products lead to distinct outcomes, separating them into different equilibrium points.
Pooling Equilibrium
A situation in a market with incomplete information where different types of economic agents are treated indistinguishably due to a lack of distinguishing information.
Agents
Individuals or entities that act on behalf of others in economic transactions or negotiations, making decisions and taking actions.
Total Value
The complete worth or sum of all financial, labor, or material resources in a given context.
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