A Drawback in Using Primary Punishers and Primary Reinforcers in Research

question 76

Multiple Choice

A drawback in using primary punishers and primary reinforcers in research is that:

• A) they are not as effective as secondary reinforcers in conditioning procedures.
• B) using primary punishers or taking away a primary reinforcer is sometimes not ethical.
• C) the experimenter must first make sure that the stimulus has acquired reinforcing properties.
• D) they are more likely than other punishers and reinforcers to lead to superstitious behaviors.

Understand the effects of price controls, including price ceilings and price floors, on market equilibrium.

Analyze the impact of quotas and quota rents on markets and prices.

Describe how consumer and producer surpluses are affected by government interventions in markets.

Recognize the role of government interventions, such as licenses and medallions, in regulating markets.

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Definitions:

Rattling Sound

A type of abnormal lung sound, often indicating the presence of mucus or fluid in the airways.

Chest

The part of the front surface of the body enclosed by the ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae, containing vital organs such as the heart and lungs.

Inflammatory Disease

A disease characterized by inflammation, which is the body's response to infection or injury, leading to redness, swelling, and pain.

Wheezing

A high-pitched whistling sound made while breathing, often indicating breathing difficulties or obstructed airways.