In a Laboratory, Smokers Are Asked to Drive Using a Computerized

question 66

Multiple Choice

In a laboratory, smokers are asked to drive using a computerized driving simulator and cover the maximum distance possible, while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some volunteers are given a real cigarette to smoke immediately before the test. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. The number of collisions the two groups make is to be compared. In this study, the independent variable is:

• A) the use of nicotine.
• B) the use of a driving simulator.
• C) the number of collisions.
• D) the speed of each driver.

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Definitions:

Causal Conclusions

Refers to determinations or inferences about the causes of certain events or behaviors, suggesting a relationship between variables where one affects the other.

Reliable

The quality of being consistently good in quality or performance; able to be trusted.

Valid

The degree to which a theory, outcome, or assessment is solidly based and probably mirrors the actual world accurately.

Paradigm

A distinct set of concepts, thought patterns, or methods that forms a framework for understanding, interpreting, or exploring complex phenomena.