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In a variable-ratio schedule, the reinforcer is given
Incur Costs
To become subject to or bear expenses, often as a result of conducting activities, making decisions, or entering into transactions.
Norms and Values
Socially shared rules and expectations that guide behavior within a group, alongside the fundamental beliefs and ideals that bring a community together.
Social Structures
Patterns of organized relationships and social institutions that together compose society, guiding and constraining individual behaviors.
Sociological Perspectives
Different ways of viewing and understanding society and its complex interactions, including structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
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