How Can Learning Theory Help to Explain Why Diet Drinks

question 17

Multiple Choice

How can learning theory help to explain why diet drinks are ineffective in helping people lose weight?

• A) Sugar acts as a positive reinforcer, but artificial sweeteners act as a negative reinforcer.
• B) Stimulus discrimination allows the body to tell the difference between real sugar and artificial sweeteners.
• C) Extinction occurs when artificial sweeteners are introduced, but spontaneous recovery leads to a return of overeating.
• D) People normally learn that sweet tastes (CS) predict calories (US), but artificial sweeteners weaken this association.

---

Definitions:

Null Hypothesis

Refers to a statement or assumption that there is no difference or effect, used as a starting point for statistical testing to be challenged by the alternative hypothesis.

Level Of Significance

The threshold used in statistical tests to decide whether an observed effect is considered statistically significant.

P-Value

A statistical metric that helps you determine the significance of your research results, essentially telling you how likely your data would have occurred by random chance.

One-Tail Test

A statistical test where the region of rejection is on only one side of the sampling distribution, used when the research hypothesis predicts a direction of the effect.