Kwan Checks His Email for New Messages Several Times During

question 142

Multiple Choice

Kwan checks his email for new messages several times during the day. He realizes that because emails are sent on a ________________ schedule, checking his email more frequently will not increase the number of new emails he receives in a day. Furthermore, he knows that he cannot predict when people will email him, but if an email has been sent to him, he will receive it the next time he checks.

• A) fixed-ratio
• B) fixed-interval
• C) variable-ratio
• D) variable-interval

---

Definitions:

DSM-5 Criteria

The diagnostic criteria outlined in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, used by healthcare professionals to diagnose mental disorders.

Frustration and Stress

Emotional states resulting from obstacles blocking individual goals or the perception of external demands exceeding personal resources.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A mental disorder characterized by a long-term pattern of disregarding or violating the rights of others.

Psychotherapy

A form of treatment for mental health conditions that involves talking with a psychotherapist to understand and manage thoughts, behaviors, and emotions.