Electric Shock,scoldings,and Bad Grades Are

question 155

Multiple Choice

Electric shock,scoldings,and bad grades are:

• A)secondary reinforcers.
• B)primary reinforcers.
• C)aversive stimuli.
• D)conditioned stimuli.

Understand the motivations and contributions of key figures in the progressive era.

Grasp the different areas of reform and activism during the progressive era, including urban, racial, and women’s issues.

Identify the causes and effects of specific legislation passed during the progressive era.

Recognize the role of progressive reformers in addressing social and economic issues.

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Definitions:

Twin Study

A research design in behavioral genetics that compares the similarity of twins raised in different environments to understand the genetic and environmental influences on human traits.

Genetic Bases

The underlying genetic factors that contribute to the physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism.

Schizophrenia

A severe mental disorder characterized by disruptions in thought processes, perceptions, emotional responsiveness, and social interactions.

Concordance

A concept used in behavioural research into the genetic bases of psychiatric disorders. When the disorder that characterizes one person, called the index case or proband, also occurs in another person, the two are said to display concordance. The degree of concordance is thought to reveal the influence of genetics.