You Overheard Someone Claiming That 12-Step Programs Are the Only

question 191

Multiple Choice

You overheard someone claiming that 12-step programs are the only way to really quit abusing alcohol "Because my brother is a doctor and so he should know." Regardless of the accuracy of the claim, this and other appeals to authority do not qualify as good evidence because:

• A) they always lack common sense.
• B) authority figures are likely to distort the truth.
• C) authority does not mean that the claim is based on sound, scientific evidence.
• D) authority is typically based on anecdotal evidence.

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Definitions:

Psychological Development

The growth and change in a person's emotions, cognition, behavior, and abilities over the course of their life.

Primary Process Thinking

A mode of thought in psychoanalytic theory, characterized by primitive, illogical, and fantasy-oriented thought processes, typically associated with the unconscious mind.

Secondary Process Thinking

In psychoanalytic theory, the term for rational and conscious processes of ordinary thought.

Freudian Perspective

A psychological view based on Sigmund Freud's theories that focus on unconscious processes and childhood experiences affecting behavior.