A Change in Behavior Simply as a Result of Earlier

question 51

Multiple Choice

A change in behavior simply as a result of earlier experience in the study is a threat to _________validity.

• A) internal
• B) external
• C) construct
• D) statistical

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Definitions:

Secondary Reinforcers

Stimuli that become reinforcing through their association with primary reinforcers, such as money, grades, or praise.

Vicarious Learning

A learning process where individuals gain knowledge or skills through observing others’ actions, behaviors, and consequences, rather than through direct experience.

Primary Reinforcers

Innate rewarding elements such as food, water, or shelter, that satisfy biological needs and motivate behavior without prior learning.

Aversive Events

Unpleasant or harmful events or stimuli that an individual seeks to avoid or minimize.