Imagine That You Are a Participant in an Experiment on the Effects

question 15

Multiple Choice

Imagine that you are a participant in an experiment on the effects of morning exercise on mathematics performance. If this study uses a within-subjects design, which of the following would you do?

• A) One day you take a math test after having exercised in the morning; another day you take a math test after not having exercised in the morning.
• B) Either you exercise in the morning and then take a math test or you do not exercise in the morning and then take a math test.
• C) You eat a healthy breakfast consisting of milk, juice, toast, and eggs.
• D) You take a math test and then tell the researcher whether or not you exercised that morning.

---

Definitions:

Ambiguous

Lacking clarity or certainty, open to more than one interpretation, or vaguely defined.

Personal Gossip

The informal sharing of private or sensitive information about individuals within a social network without their permission, often leading to rumors or breaches of trust.

Vertical Communication

The exchange of information and messages between different levels of an organization's hierarchy, including upward and downward communications.

Horizontal Communication

The exchange of information, messages, or communication across the same levels of an organization or among peers.