Negative Reinforcers _____ and Positive Punishers _____ the Future Probability

question 185

Multiple Choice

Negative reinforcers _____ and positive punishers _____ the future probability of the behaviour that led to these respective consequences.

• A)increase;increase
• B)increase;decrease
• C)decrease;decrease
• D)decrease;increase

Understand barriers and facilitators to building rapport in cross-cultural counseling contexts.

Understand the foundational principles of FERPA and HIPAA.

Identify the key purposes and historical context behind the enactment of FERPA and HIPAA.

Differentiate between the legal responsibilities for confidentiality under HIPAA and FERPA.

---

Definitions:

GABA

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain that reduces neuronal excitability.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event, characterized by flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event.

Acetylcholine

Functioning as a key neurotransmitter, acetylcholine plays critical roles in the activation of muscle action, the workings of the parasympathetic nervous system, and cognitive function.

Second-messenger System

A mechanism by which neurotransmitters and hormones signal a cell to produce an internal signal in response to a message received at a cell receptor.