In Pavlov's Experiments on Second-Order Conditioning,dogs Were Conditioned to Salivate

question 3

Multiple Choice

In Pavlov's experiments on second-order conditioning,dogs were conditioned to salivate at the sight of a black square by:

• A)pairing it with a tone that previously had been associated with food.
• B)rewarding the dog with food when it salivated in the presence of the black square.
• C)presenting food first and then following it with the black square.
• D)pairing it with an unconditioned stimulus.

---

Definitions:

Arbitrage Opportunities

Situations where a financial instrument or security can be simultaneously bought and sold in different markets at a price discrepancy to generate risk-free profit.

Portfolio Beta

Portfolio beta measures the sensitivity of a portfolio's returns to movements in the market index. A beta greater than one indicates higher volatility than the market, while a beta less than one indicates lower volatility.

Betas

An indicator of the level of fluctuation or inherent risk in a security or portfolio relative to the broader market.

Factor Portfolio

An investment strategy focusing on specific drivers of returns, such as size, value, and momentum, to achieve targeted outcomes.