Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 19

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions :
Scenario I
The scenario is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study:
Merikle,P.M. ,& Skanes,H.E.(1992) .Subliminal self-help audiotapes: A search for placebo effects.Journal of Applied Psychology,77(5) ,772-776.doi:10.1037/0021-9010.77.5.772
Merikle and Skanes (1992) investigated the effectiveness of subliminal self-help audiotapes to promote weight loss in overweight females seeking to lose weight.Participants were randomly assigned to groups.Participants in two groups were instructed to listen to audiotapes containing subliminal messages associated with weight loss daily.Group 1 (the subliminal group) actually received these tapes.Group 2 (the placebo group) received tapes containing subliminal messages associated with relieving dental anxiety.Finally,a third group of participants was not given audiotapes and was told that they were on a waiting list to participate in the study.All participants-including the participants on the waiting list-were weighed weekly for 5 weeks.The average total weight loss (and standard deviations) for the three groups after the fifth week is presented in Figure 5.1.
Figure 5.1
-(Scenario I) If weight loss were due to simply a placebo effect,then:

• A)participants in the placebo group should lose more weight than those in the subliminal group.
• B)only those participants in the placebo group should lose weight.
• C)participants in the subliminal and placebo groups should lose more weight than those on the waiting list.
• D)there must be no difference in weight loss between the subliminal and waiting-list groups.

---

Definitions:

Gender

A social construct that encompasses the roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.

Race

A social construct used to categorize humans into large and distinct groups based on various factors, including physical appearance, ancestry, and culture.

Parent

A parent is a caregiver of the offspring in their own species and typically refers to a biological or adoptive mother or father who supports and nurtures their child or children.

Friend

A person with whom one has a bond of mutual affection and trust, typically exclusive of sexual or family relations.