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Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 10

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Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
Scenario II is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study:
Bègue,L. ,Bushman,B.J. ,Zerhouni,O. ,Subra,B. ,& Ourabah,M.(2013) ."Beauty is in the eye of the beer holder": People who think they are drunk also think they are attractive.British Journal of Psychology,104(2) ,225-234.doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.2012.02114.x
Alcohol myopia refers to the fact that people often react to complex situations in simple ways when intoxicated.For example,we might attend to only highly salient stimuli in a complex social situation.One such stimulus is physical attractiveness.While numerous studies have investigated if alcohol makes us perceive others as more attractive,Bègue and colleagues (2013) wondered if alcohol increases the salience of feelings already held about our own self-attractiveness.In their first study (Figure 5.2A) ,19 bar patrons completed a questionnaire and were asked to rank their own physical attractiveness on a scale of 0 (very unattractive) to 7 (very attractive) .Then,the researchers measured the blood-alcohol level of each of these patrons using a breathalyzer test.In a second experiment,Bègue and colleagues investigated the relative contributions of alcohol and alcohol expectancies in modulating self-attractiveness.Using random assignment,male participants were administered either alcohol or a placebo that smelled and tasted like alcohol.In each group,a random half were told it was alcohol and the other half were told it was not.All participants were then instructed to create a sales pitch for the beverage that they just consumed.A female experimenter video-recorded the sales pitch.Finally,the participants watched their sales pitch and were asked to rank their self-attractiveness.A set of independent judges-unaware of the condition to which each participant was assigned-also watched every sales pitch and ranked the attractiveness of the participants.Figure 5.2B shows the mean (and standard deviations) self-attractiveness ratings of the participants and Figure 5.2C shows the mean attractiveness ratings as assessed by the judges.
Figure 5.2A (left) ,5.2B (middle) ,and 5.2C (right)
-(Scenario II) In the first study,what was the manipulated independent variable?

Definitions:

Physical Abilities

The physical capacities that an individual possesses, such as strength, flexibility, and endurance.

Muscular Strength

The maximum amount of force that a muscle or group of muscles can exert against some form of resistance in a single effort.

Early Adulthood

A life stage typically occurring from late teens through twenties, characterized by exploration, establishment of personal and professional relationships, and self-identity formation.

Independently

Acting or occurring without reliance on others; autonomously.