Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 9

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
-(Scenario II) The independent variable was:

• A)the length of the vigilance task.
• B)the percentage of enemy targets destroyed.
• C)the degree of vigilance.
• D)sleep status.

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Definitions:

Negative Transference

A psychological phenomenon where an individual projects feelings of negativity or hostility from past relationships onto a new person, often a therapist.

Behavioral Contracting

A therapy technique involving a written agreement between a therapist and a client outlining behavior change expectations and rewards.

Desensitization

The diminished emotional responsiveness to a negative, aversive or positive stimulus after repeated exposure to it.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

A psychotherapeutic approach that addresses dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors, and cognitive processes through a number of goal-oriented, explicit systematic procedures.