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question 10

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Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
-(Scenario II) Assuming the differences between groups were statistically significant,before concluding that sleep deprivation impairs vigilance,another dependent variable the researchers probably would want to analyze is:

Recognize reasons for government intervention in markets.

Explain the short-run effects of changes in the money supply on inflation and unemployment.

Understand the definitions and implications of economic terms such as inflation and economic fluctuations.

Analyze the trade-off between efficiency and equality in economic policies.

Definitions:

Operationally Defined

The process of strictly defining variables into measurable factors, defining how a concept will be measured in a specific study.

Meta-analysis

A statistical technique that combines the results of multiple scientific studies to arrive at a conclusion that has greater statistical power.

Double-blind Procedure

An experimental procedure in which neither the subjects of the experiment nor the persons administering the experiment know the critical aspects of the experiment, thus ensuring that neither the expectations of the subjects nor those of the experimenters influence the results.

Representative Sample

A representative sample is a subset of a population that accurately reflects the members of the entire population, crucial for generalizing findings from research.