Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 11

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
The following scenario presents fabricated data consistent with the results of the following study:
Gilbertson,M.W. ,Shenton,M.E. ,Ciszewski,A. ,Kasai,K. ,Lasko,N .B. ,Orr,S.P. ,& Pitman,R.K.(2002) .Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma.Nature Neuroscience,5,1242-1247.
Persons who live through a traumatic experience may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) .PTSD is characterized by chronic physiological arousal,recurrent unwanted thoughts or images,and avoidance of things that bring the trauma to mind,with symptoms persisting for more than 1 month.Persons with PTSD also are at risk for other psychological disorders,with substance abuse disorder being a common comorbid diagnosis.In the last two decades,a number of studies have demonstrated that persons with PTSD have smaller hippocampi than controls.This may result from the neurotoxic effects of stress hormones examined the hippocampal volume of combat veterans with and without PTSD who each had an identical twin who never served in the military.Fabricated results consistent with this study are shown in Figure 15.1.
Figure 15.1
-(Scenario I) Which factor BEST distinguishes PTSD from a normal reaction to a traumatic event?

• A)the release of stress hormones triggered by the trauma
• B)recurrent unwanted thoughts about the trauma
• C)anxiety when reminded of the trauma
• D)symptom-related distress that does not lessen with time

Understand the concept of interaction effect in factorial research design.

Distinguish between single-factor and factorial research designs.

Identify the effects of independent variables on dependent variables in various research designs.

Comprehend the notion of main effect within the context of factorial research design.

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