Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 21

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions :
Scenario I
Thousands of words exist in our language to describe aspects of personality.In a search for fundamental traits,psychologists have used statistical techniques such as factor analysis to identify the core dimensions underlying the structure of personality.Over the years,different analyses have yielded different results.Cattell (1950) proposed a model of personality based on 16 unique factors.Eysenck (1967) argued that the thousands of specific behavioural tendencies often attributed to personality can be adequately described by just two dimensions.One dimension (extraversion) ranges from introversion (low scores on this dimension) to extraversion (high scores) ,and the other (neuroticism) ranges from emotionally stable (low scores) to emotionally unstable (high scores) .Today,the most commonly accepted model of personality-the Big Five-posits the existence of five unique dimensions of personality: openness to experience,conscientiousness,extraversion,agreeableness,and neuroticism (McCrae & Costa,1999) .Consistent with Eysenck's model,each dimension reflects a range of behavioural tendencies.For example,agreeableness might range from helpful to uncooperative.Someone low in conscientiousness probably will miss deadlines for work assignments,and persons who never travel from their hometowns will score low on openness to experience.Research has shown that these five dimensions of personality appear in all cultures and age groups.
-(Scenario I) Extraversion is a Big Five personality factor that also appears in the models of Eysenck (1967) and Cattell (1950) .This fact:

• A)suggests that a yet-undiscovered personality dimension underlies this trait.
• B)increases confidence that it is an underlying dimension of personality.
• C)indicates that this dimension overlaps to a greater extent with other personality dimensions.
• D)is an artifact of a language rich in adjectives to describe social behaviour.

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Definitions:

Infant Sociability

An infant's ability to interact with others, displaying interest and pleasure in social interactions from an early age.

Mutual Regulation

Mutual regulation involves interactive processes where individuals adjust their behaviors in response to each other's actions, often seen in caregiver-infant interactions, facilitating emotional and social development.

Interactional Synchrony

A coordinated interaction between caregiver and infant, where both adjust their actions and emotions in response to the other, facilitating social and emotional development.

Modeling

The creation of a representation of a real-world or hypothetical situation or system to analyze, interpret, or predict outcomes.