Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 191

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions :
Scenario I
The scenario is based on and presents results consistent with the following study:
Kim,I.K. ,& Spelke,E.S.(1992) .Infants' sensitivity to effects of gravity on visual object motion.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,18(2) ,385-393.
Kim and Spelke (1992) investigated the extent to which infants have expectancies of gravitational effects on visual object motion.Infants of 3 and 5 months of age repeatedly watched a video of a ball accelerating as it rolled down an incline until they spent little time actively looking at it.Subsequently,two types of test trials were conducted in randomized order.Type A test trials consisted of a ball slowing down as it rolled up an incline.Type B test trials consisted of a ball slowing down as it rolled down an incline.During all trials,the amount of time looking at each visual display was recorded.Fabricated data consistent with the major finding of this study are presented in Figure 11.1.
Figure 11.1 Note that "Age 5" and "Age 3" in the legend refer to months of age.
-(Scenario I) Which explanation is MOST likely for the decreased looking time across training trials?

• A)Both groups of infants failed to acquire gravitational expectancies.
• B)The video lost its novelty.
• C)Both groups of infants acquired object permanence with respect to the ball.
• D)The experimenters failed to arrange effective rewards for looking behaviour.

Comprehend the role and significance of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and its criticism of the American Federation of Labor (AFL).

Recognize the effect of legislative protections and key labor laws on the rise in union membership post-1935.

Identify the aims of welfare capitalism and its impact on worker loyalty and work environment.

Understand the role of the National War Labor Board during WWII in resolving labor disputes and legitimizing unions.

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Definitions:

Economic Choices

Decisions made by individuals, households, or firms regarding the allocation of scarce resources to satisfy needs and wants.

Income Tax

A tax levied by governments on individuals or entities' income, constituting a major source of government funding.

Present and Future Consumption

The concept of analyzing and balancing what is consumed today against what will be available or necessary for consumption in the future.

Efficient Taxation

A taxation system designed to minimize the economic costs or distortions that it imposes on society, while achieving desired revenue and distributional effects.