Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 184

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions :
Scenario II
For centuries,people have made the observation that intelligence seems to run in families.In modern times,psychologists have confirmed that,indeed,there is a strong genetic component to intelligence.The degree of the association between genes and intelligence can be quantified using the heritability coefficient (h²) .In a population of diverse individuals differing in age,gender,race,and socioeconomic factors,the heritability of intelligence is approximately .5 to .7.This means that about 50-70% of the variability in intelligence scores is associated with genetic factors.Interestingly,the heritability coefficient changes depending on the group under investigation.For example,among wealthy children,the heritability coefficient exceeds .7 because the environments of these children are highly homogeneous.Among poor children,it drops to about .1.The heritability coefficient also tends to increase with the age of the population under investigation.For example,the heritability coefficient is approximately .3 in 3-year-olds and approximately .9 in 65-year-olds.
-(Scenario II) Suppose that the heritability coefficient of intelligence in the at-large population is .5.A consequence of this fact is that:

• A)genes determine only half of a person's intelligence.
• B)if a person was picked at random,one would be more accurate at estimating the contributions of genes to his or her intelligence at a senior-citizen center versus a World Cup soccer match.
• C)environmental differences are responsible for about half of the observed variability in intelligence.
• D)about 50% of the population was raised in a highly homogeneous environment.

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Definitions:

Personality

This refers to the individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Freud

Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.

Superego

In psychoanalytic theory, the part of a person's mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards learned from parents and teachers.

Pleasure Principle

A psychoanalytic concept proposing that individuals seek pleasure and avoid pain in order to satisfy biological and psychological needs.