After a Single Bad Encounter with a Dog,a Child Develops

question 75

Multiple Choice

After a single bad encounter with a dog,a child develops a dog phobia.She shows strong avoidance and escape behaviours at the sight of a dog.Initially,the sight of a dog served as a conditioned stimulus that triggered fear.However,after operant conditioning has taken over and her avoidance behaviour has been learned,the sight of a dog would best be considered as an example of a(n) :

• A) conditioned response.
• B) negative reinforcer.
• C) unconditioned stimulus.
• D) antecedent stimulus.

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Definitions:

Personal Income Taxes

Taxes imposed on individuals' income by the government, including wages, salaries, and investment earnings.

Federal Tax Revenues

The income earned by the government through all types of taxes, including income, payroll, and excise taxes, used to fund public services and operations.

Tax Freedom Day

A symbolic day representing when a nation's taxpayers have collectively earned enough income to pay the year's total tax bill.

Marginal Tax Rate

The rate at which an additional dollar of income is taxed, reflecting the percentage of each additional dollar that is paid in tax.