Examlex
In the ________ stages, people understand that some things can never be known with certainty and some judgments are more valid than others.
Primary Punisher
A stimulus that is inherently punishing; an example is electric shock.
Secondary Punisher
A stimulus that becomes punishing because it is associated with a primary punisher.
Negative Reinforcement
A process in behavior modification where the removal of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome after the display of a behavior increases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated in the future.
Primary Reinforcer
A stimulus that fulfills a basic biological need or instinct, such as food, water, or sleep, and is inherently rewarding.
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