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The fundamental threat to internal validity in the nonequivalent groups design is selection.
Excise Tax
A tax charged on specific goods and services, such as tobacco and gasoline, intended to reduce their consumption or raise revenue.
Deadweight Loss
A loss in social welfare that occurs when market equilibrium is not achieved due to externalities or market control.
Tax Structure Proposals
Recommendations or plans put forward to modify how taxes are imposed by the government, which can include changes in tax rates, bases, or the introduction of new taxes.
Pretax Income
The amount of income earned by an individual or corporation before taxes are deducted.
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