Examlex
All of the following are explicit costs of production EXCEPT:
Non-directional
Pertains to hypotheses or tests that do not specify the direction of the expected differences or relationships.
Null Hypothesis
A hypothesis positing no effect or no difference; it serves as the default assumption to be tested against the alternative hypothesis.
Directional Hypothesis
A hypothesis that specifies the expected direction of the relationship between variables, indicating an increase or decrease.
Null Hypothesis
A statement that indicates no effect or no difference, and is the hypothesis that researchers seek to nullify or disprove through statistical analysis.
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