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Constructive receipt requires an accrual basis taxpayer to recognize income when the taxpayer has an unrestricted right to a payment that is to be received.
Participative Budgeting
A budgeting process where employees at all levels are involved in the development of the budget, enhancing its acceptance and usefulness.
Zero-based Budgeting
A budgeting method that starts from a "zero base" every period, requiring all expenses to be justified for each new period, as opposed to being carried forward.
Top-Down Budgeting
A budgeting approach where the budget is created by top-level management and then distributed to lower levels for implementation.
Bottom-Up Budgeting
A budgeting process where the budget is prepared with the input and estimates coming from lower-level staff, before being aggregated and approved at higher levels.
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