Members of Stigmatized Groups Often Cannot Tell Whether Many of Their

question 41

Multiple Choice

Members of stigmatized groups often cannot tell whether many of their experiences have the same origins as those of nonstigmatized groups or whether these experiences are the result of prejudice.Research on this attributional predicament in performance-based contexts has shown that

• A) black participants' self-esteem was affected by negative feedback but not by positive feedback.
• B) black participants were more likely to seek negative feedback than positive feedback.
• C) compared with that of white students, black participants' self-esteem was more strongly affected by both positive feedback and negative feedback.
• D) black participants' self-esteem was not affected by positive or negative feedback if they knew that their evaluators could see them.

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Definitions:

Loneliness

A complex emotional state typically characterized by feelings of isolation and a perceived lack of social connection or companionship.

Basic Anxiety

A theory proposed by Karen Horney that suggests anxiety is the primary driving force behind human behavior, originating from childhood feelings of helplessness and isolation.

Helplessness

A state of being unable to prevent or avoid negative outcomes, often leading to feelings of powerlessness.

Cognitive Complexity

A cognitive style or way of construing the environment characterized by the ability to perceive differences among people.