Which of the Following Is a "Third Variable" Explanation for the Correlation

question 13

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a "third variable" explanation for the correlation between life changes and physical health problems?

• A) Problems with physical health cause an increase in anxiety, which in turn causes stress.
• B) Life changes cause an increase in anxiety, which in turn increases the chances of problems with physical health.
• C) Problems with physical health necessitate changes in lifestyle, which in turn increase stress.
• D) People with certain personality traits are more likely to experience life changes and also more likely to have health problems.
• E) Problems with physical health are not always associated with anxiety.

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Definitions:

Current Consumption

The total amount of goods and services consumed at the present time, as opposed to savings for future consumption.

Time Preference

The inclination of individuals to prefer goods and services sooner rather than later.

Rational Expectations

The hypothesis that individuals form predictions of the future based on available information and act on those predictions rationally.

Consumption Goods

Goods that are purchased by consumers for the purpose of consumption and not for resale.