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In a series of experiments,Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson (1995) had both African-American and Anglo-American students at Stanford University take a verbal test.In one condition,the test was described as a valid measure of intelligence,and in the other condition,the test was described as neither a reliable nor valid measure of intelligence.In the former condition,African-Americans performed more poorly than did Anglo-Americans because
Brownies
A small square-shaped chocolate cake that is typically rich in chocolate flavor and often contains nuts or other additives.
Cookies
Small data files stored on a user's computer by websites, used to remember information about the user's visit.
Comparative Advantage
The ability of an individual or economy to produce goods or services at a lower opportunity cost than others.
Opportunity Cost
Giving up potential gainful opportunities from other choices by selecting a specific option.
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