According to the Textbook

question 137

Multiple Choice

According to the textbook

• A)we construct reality.
• B)there is a reality out there but our minds actively construe it.
• C)we respond only to reality.
• D)reality is a social construction.

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Definitions:

Defensive Attributions

Cognitive processes used to deflect blame from oneself and to prevent feelings of guilt or inadequacy, often by assigning responsibility to external factors.

Self-Serving Bias

A common tendency to attribute success to personal characteristics and failures to external factors for self-enhancement.

Actor-Observer Bias

A cognitive bias where individuals attribute their own actions to external situations while attributing others' actions to their personalities or dispositions.

Defensive Attribution

A psychological process by which individuals tend to attribute causes for successes and failures in a way that protects self-esteem.