How Did ÉMile Durkheim Define Mechanical Solidarity

question 96

Multiple Choice

How did Émile Durkheim define mechanical solidarity?

• A) social cohesion found in industrial (and perhaps postindustrial)societies,in which people perform specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence
• B) social relationships based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship,and on intergenerational stability
• C) social bonds based on impersonal and specialized relationships,with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values
• D) social cohesion in preindustrial societies,in which there is minimal division of labour and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds

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Definitions:

Law of Immediate Reinforcement

A principle suggesting that reinforcement (rewards or punishments) following a behavior makes it more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future.

Punishment

A consequence or penalty imposed for wrongdoing or breach of rules, intended to modify behavior through negative reinforcement.

Negative Reinforcement

A psychological principle involving the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior occurring again.

Law of Contingent Reinforcement

A principle stating that the effectiveness of reinforcement depends on its delivery contingent upon the occurrence of a specific behavior.